活性腐殖酸复合肥对水稻产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽对比试验进行施用化肥和腐殖酸复合肥不同用量对水稻产量及品质的影响研究。结果表明：在一定的用量范围内,水稻的株高、分蘖数、生物产量和籽粒产量都以腐殖酸复合肥处理最高;超过适宜用量时,均呈现降低趋势。等养分含量条件下,腐殖酸复合肥水稻籽粒中淀粉、蛋白质含量均高于化肥。施用腐殖酸复合肥水稻籽粒中淀粉含量和产淀粉量均以FM4处理最高;施用化肥其含量均以HF4处理最高。施用腐殖酸复合肥水稻籽粒蛋白质含量以FM2处理最高,产蛋白质量以FM4处理最高;化肥处理中均以HF3处理最高。从提高水稻籽粒产量和品质角度来说,腐殖酸复合肥处理FM3,每盆施用20 g为最佳施肥方案。过量施用含腐殖酸的肥料会抑制水稻的生长,降低氮磷钾肥料的作用。     

腐植酸对灰漠土棉田土壤无机磷形态的影响

石灰性土壤上常规施用磷肥,土壤有效磷固定严重,磷肥利用率较低.试验为新疆典型灰漠土棉田田间试验,通过常规施肥基础上施用不同量腐植酸,研究棉花不同生育期距地表不同深度及距棉株不同距离土壤有效磷及无机磷含量变化、各形态无机磷间动态转化以及施用腐植酸对棉花产量的影响.结果表明:对于典型灰漠土棉田,施用腐植酸能增加耕层土壤速效磷含量,并且随腐植酸用量的增加而增加,腐植酸能起到使土壤稳定持续供应土壤速效磷作用;施用腐植酸增加土壤有效磷含量的贡献依次主要是Ca2-P、Ca8-P和O-P增加的作用;腐植酸施用量必须达到一定水平才能有明显的激活土壤固定态磷、增加棉花产量的作用.     

黑液制备的腐植酸液肥和调理剂的棉花田间应用研究

为了给黑液实现资源化利用提供依据,在新疆进行了黑液腐植酸产品的田间试验,设计了3个处理,采用棉花定点定株方法调查其生理指标,并测定其生化指标,研究了它们对棉花的生长、产量和抗旱能力的影响。结果表明,在滴灌中应用腐植酸液肥,与常规固体肥料相比可明显促进棉花在各生育期的生长,能增加蕾、花和铃的数量,并且延长成熟时间,作物不易早衰。同时液肥还可提高棉花的经济性状,能够显著增加籽棉的产量,增产率可达12.3%。在棉花上使用该腐植酸产品后可降低叶片的蒸腾速率,提高叶片的保水能力和CAT活力,从而明显增强棉株的抗旱能力。黑液腐植酸产品对棉花具有良好的促长、增产和抗旱效果。     

腐植酸对甘薯吸收利用矿质元素的影响

为探讨腐植酸对甘薯吸收利用矿质元素的影响,并为研究甘薯植株及土壤中矿质元素含量的变化情况,在大田生产条件下施用腐植酸。结果表明：施用腐植酸以后,甘薯对各矿质营养元素的吸收积累量均显著增加,增幅为12.87%~29.84%;矿质元素吸收积累量增加与腐植酸提高了不同生长时期甘薯对矿质元素的吸收速率有关,生长后期的吸收速率增幅最大。同时,施用腐植酸提高了收获期土壤中有效P、Ca、Mg和K元素的含量;使N、K、Ca、S、B和Cu的块根生产效率显著提高。施用腐植酸可以改善甘薯的矿质营养条件、提高部分矿质元素的块根生产效率。     

Effect of fulvic and humic acids on performance, immune response and thyroid function in rats

Effect of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on production parameters, immune response and thyroid function of rats were investigated in two experiments. First experiment: control or 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. Second experiment: control and 0.4% HA- or FA-supplemented diets. The feeding period lasted 26 days in both trials. No significant changes were observed in production parameters. Ovalbumine antibody titre of rats on HA- or FA-supplemented diets showed dose-dependent (at 0.4% supplementation) and significant (p < 0.05) increase (350 and 418% respectively) over the control (100%). Dose-related increase of plasma TSH (r = 0.99), and decrease of the T(4)/T(3) ratio (r = -0.97) was observed in FA-supplemented rats. Second experiment: both FA and HA stimulated the immune response by the 14th day (mean values: control: 685.79; FA: 1131.37; HA: 1055.6099) and 26th day (control: 544.31; FA: 1969.83; HA: 1600.00). No significant differences were noted with lymphocyte stimulation test. Diameter of the 'B'-dependent lymphoid tissues in the ileum and spleen were significantly (p < 0.05) larger in both the FA- and HA-treated animals. Humic acid and FA supplementation resulted in strong humoral immune stimulation. Our data also indicate that FA content is responsible for the mild hypothyroid effect of humic substances.     

Effect of humic substances on nutrient uptake by herbage and on production and nutritive value of herbage from sown grass pastures

The effect of humic substances on the nutrient uptake, herbage production and nutritive value of herbage from sown grass pastures was studied in six field experiments. Commercial humic substances were applied in combination with mineral fertilizer or slurry, either as a solution (HF liquid; 8·3 kg humic substances ha⁻¹) or incorporated into the mineral fertilizer (HF incorporated; 3·6 to 6·4 kg humic substances ha⁻¹). A series of cuts, ranging from two to five cuts, was taken during the growing season. The general response in herbage production to application of humic substances was an increase in herbage mass of dry matter (DM) at the first cut although this was only significant in two experiments for the HF incorporated treatment. Total herbage production of DM over the growing season, however, was similar for treatments with or without application of humic substances. The overall effect of HF incorporated and HF liquid on the herbage mass of DM at the first cut across the experiments was calculated using a meta-analysis technique and it was shown that there was a significant proportional increase of 0·14 ( P  <   0·05) with the HF incorporated treatment and a non-significant increase of 0·08 with the HF liquid treatment compared to the control treatment. The nutritive value of the herbage at the first cut was similar across all treatments. In general nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake at the first grass cut was higher after application of humic substances but only in one experiment was this increase statistically significant.     

腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草影响的研究进展

本文综述了腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草各方面的影响,揭示出腐殖酸能够改善植烟土壤性状,提高烟叶品质,同时,对烟草的安全性和抗逆性也有一定的作用。并在此基础上对今后的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为腐殖酸在烤烟生产上的推广应用提供理论依据。     

紫色水稻土胡敏酸的形成——稻草腐解试验

土壤腐植酸类物质的形成是土壤固碳的重要过程,但对腐植酸类物质形成过程的了解仍不甚清楚,为了丰富土壤腐植酸类物质形成理论,采用富立叶变换红外光谱和固态交叉极化-魔角旋转~(13)C-核磁共振光谱技术分析了紫色水稻土稻草腐解过程中胡敏酸的波谱学特征.结果表明,稻草腐解的前期,胡敏酸的红外光谱所有吸收峰(3 364、2 933、1 653、1 599、1 508、1 461、1 421、1 331、1 225、1 126、1 033 cm~(-1))强度皆有明显减弱,核磁共振光谱的烷基、多羟基和芳基的共振峰明显减弱且甲氧基的共振峰显著增强,即表明提取的胡敏酸为类胡敏酸的木质素;随着腐解的进行,胡敏酸的红外光谱的吸收峰强度皆显著增强,核磁共振光谱的烷基、芳基和羰基的共振峰增强,即表明此时的胡敏酸已是以木质素残体为核心并结合烷基、酰胺以及糖类物质反应形成的高分子聚合体;稻草腐解的后期,胡敏酸的红外光谱的2 933 cm~(-1)处的吸收峰强度减弱,1 65l、1 599、1 508、1 461、1 422和1 224cm~(-1)处的吸收峰小幅增强,核磁共振光谱的烷基共振峰减弱,甲氧基共振峰增强,表明此时的胡敏酸发生脱烷基(主要是甲基)过程.因此,红外光谱吸收峰强度与核磁共振光谱共振峰强度的规律性变化反映了稻草腐解过程紫色水稻土胡敏酸的形成过程具有阶段性,紫色水稻土胡敏酸的形成过程符合木质素学说.     

表层土壤中菲的紫外光降解研究

多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)由于致癌、致畸和致突变而受到广泛关注.本实验以多环芳烃菲(Phe)为目标污染物,研究了温度、腐植酸和紫外辐射强度对Phe光降解的影响并对不同因素对降解动力学的影响作了研究.结果表明,Phe的降解在20 ℃到30℃范围内,随着温度的升高,光降解率增加;腐植酸在Phe污染土壤的光降解中起敏化作用,可显著促进光解,腐植酸浓度为5 mg·kg-1足以达到敏化的效果;Phe光降解速率常数随辐射强度的降低而降低,呈正相关,光解的半衰期随着辐射强度的降低而增加,呈负相关.     

Factorial analysis of the effect of sugarbeet vinasses on agroecological indices in horticultural field

The impact on soil of applying sugarbeet vinasses （V） was analyzed through a field experiment in horticulture greenhouse, arranged in a 23 factorial design. Two levels of three independent variables--application of V, use of polyethylene cover （PC） on the soil. and soil depth （D）---on various dependent variables were studied. Vinasses favoured crop yield and reduced the number of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles in soil. The concentrations ofN. P and K increased with the interaction VxD, with PC also increasing N concentration. The amounts of humic acids and humin decreased with D; fulvic acid concentration increased with V, but decreased with the interaction VxPC. Soil physical factors were improved mainly with D and V. Aromaticity of humic acid-like fractions increased ~＇itb V. In general, V showed significant effects mainly on the topsoil, suggesting low leaching risks. The results indicate that the levels of the independent factors improving a group of variables were not the same that those contributing to another group. Therefore, their best combination should be determined for each scenario to achieve optimum agroecological performance.